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7.
93
न सुप्तं न विसंनाहं न नग्नं न निरायुधम् ।
नायुध्यमानं पश्यन्तं न परेण समागतम् । । ७.९२[९३ं] । ।
- Nor one whose weapons are broken, nor one afflicted (with sorrow), nor one who has been grievously wounded, nor one who is in fear, nor one who has turned to flight; (but in all these cases let him) remember the duty (of honourable warriors). (Ⅲ)
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7.
94
नायुधव्यसनप्राप्तं नार्तं नातिपरिक्षतम् ।
न भीतं न परावृत्तं सतां धर्मं अनुस्मरन् । । ७.९३[९४ं] । ।
- But the (Kshatriya) who is slain in battle, while he turns back in fear, takes upon himself all the sin of his master, whatever (it may be); (Ⅲ)
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7.
95
यस्तु भीतः परावृत्तः संग्रामे हन्यते परैः ।
भर्तुर्यद्दुष्कृतं किं चित्तत्सर्वं प्रतिपद्यते । । ७.९४[९५ं] । ।
- And whatever merit (a man) who is slain in flight may have gained for the next (world), all that his master takes. (Ⅲ)
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7.
96
यच्चास्य सुकृतं किं चिदमुत्रार्थं उपार्जितम् ।
भर्ता तत्सर्वं आदत्ते परावृत्तहतस्य तु । । ७.९५[९६ं] । ।
- Chariots and horses, elephants, parasols, money, grain, cattle, women, all sorts of (marketable) goods and valueless metals belong to him who takes them (singly) conquering (the possessor). (Ⅲ)
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7.
97
रथाश्वं हस्तिनं छत्रं धनं धान्यं पशून्स्त्रियः ।
सर्वद्रव्याणि कुप्यं च यो यज्जयति तस्य तत् । । ७.९६[९७ं] । ।
- A text of the Veda (declares) that (the soldiers) shall present a choice portion (of the booty) to the king; what has not been taken singly, must be distributed by the king among all the soldiers. (Ⅲ)
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7.
98
राज्ञश्च दद्युरुद्धारं इत्येषा वैदिकी श्रुतिः ।
राज्ञा च सर्वयोधेभ्यो दातव्यं अपृथग्जितम् । । ७.९७[९८ं] । ।
- Thus has been declared the blameless, primeval law for warriors; from this law a Kshatriya must not depart, when he strikes his foes in battle. (Ⅲ)
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7.
99
एषोऽनुपस्कृतः प्रोक्तो योधधर्मः सनातनः ।
अस्माद्धर्मान्न च्यवेत क्षत्रियो घ्नन्रणे रिपून् । । ७.९८[९९ं] । ।
- Let him strive to gain what he has not yet gained; what he has gained let him carefully preserve; let him augment what he preserves, and what he has augmented let him bestow on worthy men. (Ⅲ)
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7.
100
अलब्धं चैव लिप्सेत लब्धं रक्षेत्प्रयत्नतः ।
रक्षितं वर्धयेच्चैव वृद्धं पात्रेषु निक्षिपेत् । । ७.९९[१००ं] । ।
- Let him know that these are the four means for securing the aims of human (existence); let him, without ever tiring, properly employ them. (Ⅲ)
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7.
101
एतच्चतुर्विधं विद्यात्पुरुषार्थप्रयोजनम् ।
अस्य नित्यं अनुष्ठानं सम्यक्कुर्यादतन्द्रितः । । ७.१००[१०१ं] । ।
- What he has not (yet) gained, let him seek (to gain) by (his) army; what he has gained, let him protect by careful attention; what he has protected, let him augment by (various modes of) increasing it; and what he has augmented, let him liberally bestow (on worthy men). (Ⅲ)
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7.
102
अलब्धं इच्छेद्दण्डेन लब्धं रक्षेदवेक्षया ।
रक्षितं वर्धयेद्वृद्ध्या वृद्धं पात्रेषु निक्षिपेत् । । ७.१०१[१०२ं] । ।
- Let him be ever ready to strike, his prowess constantly displayed, and his secrets constantly concealed, and let him constantly explore the weaknesses of his foe. (Ⅲ)
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7.
103
नित्यं उद्यतदण्डः स्यान्नित्यं विवृतपौरुषः ।
नित्यं संवृतसंवार्यो नित्यं छिद्रानुसार्यरेः । । ७.१०२[१०३ं] । ।
- Of him who is always ready to strike, the whole world stands in awe; let him therefore make all creatures subject to himself even by the employment of force. (Ⅲ)
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7.
104
नित्यं उद्यतदण्डस्य कृत्स्नं उद्विजते जगत् ।
तस्मात्सर्वाणि भूतानि दण्डेनैव प्रसाधयेत् । । ७.१०३[१०४ं] । ।
- Let him ever act without guile, and on no account treacherously; carefully guarding himself, let him always fathom the treachery which his foes employ. (Ⅲ)
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7.
105
अमाययैव वर्तेत न कथं चन मायया ।
बुध्येतारिप्रयुक्तां च मायां नित्यं सुसंवृतः । । ७.१०४[१०५ं] । ।
- His enemy must not know his weaknesses, but he must know the weaknesses of his enemy; as the tortoise (hides its limbs), even so let him secure the members (of his government against treachery), let him protect his own weak points. (Ⅲ)
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7.
106
नास्य छिद्रं परो विद्याद्विद्याच्छिद्रं परस्य च ।
गूहेत्कूर्म इवाङ्गानि रक्षेद्विवरं आत्मनः । । ७.१०५[१०६ं] । ।
- Let him plan his undertakings (patiently meditating) like a heron; like a lion, let him put forth his strength; like a wolf, let him snatch (his prey); like a hare, let him double in retreat. (Ⅲ)
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7.
107
बकवच्चिन्तयेदर्थान्सिंहवच्च पराक्रमे ।
वृकवच्चावलुम्पेत शशवच्च विनिष्पतेत् । । ७.१०६[१०७ं] । ।
- When he is thus engaged in conquest, let him subdue all the opponents whom he may find, by the (four) expedients, conciliation and the rest. (Ⅲ)
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7.
108
एवं विजयमानस्य येऽस्य स्युः परिपन्थिनः ।
तानानयेद्वशं सर्वान्सामादिभिरुपक्रमैः । । ७.१०७[१०८ं] । ।
- If they cannot be stopped by the three first expedients, then let him, overcoming them by force alone, gradually bring them to subjection. (Ⅲ)
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7.
109
यदि ते तु न तिष्ठेयुरुपायैः प्रथमैस्त्रिभिः ।
दण्डेनैव प्रसह्यैताञ् शनकैर्वशं आनयेत् । । ७.१०८[१०९ं] । ।
- Among the four expedients, conciliation and the rest, the learned always recommend conciliation and (the employment of) force for the prosperity of kingdoms. (Ⅲ)
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7.
118
विंशतीशस्तु तत्सर्वं शतेशाय निवेदयेत् ।
शंसेद्ग्रामशतेशस्तु सहस्रपतये स्वयम् । । ७.११७[११८ं] । ।
- Those (articles) which the villagers ought to furnish daily to the king, such as food, drink, and fuel, the lord of one village shall obtain. (Ⅲ)
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7.
119
यानि राजप्रदेयानि प्रत्यहं ग्रामवासिभिः ।
अन्नपानेन्धनादीनि ग्रामिकस्तान्यवाप्नुयात् । । ७.११८[११९ं] । ।
- The ruler of ten (villages) shall enjoy one kula (as much land as suffices for one family), the ruler of twenty five kulas, the superintendent of a hundred villages (the revenues of) one village, the lord of a thousand (the revenues of) a town. (Ⅲ)
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7.
156
मध्यमस्य प्रचारं च विजीगिषोश्च चेष्टितम् ।
उदासीनप्रचारं च शत्रोश्चैव प्रयत्नतः । । ७.१५५[१५६ं] । ।
- These (four) constituents (prakriti, form), briefly (speaking), the foundation of the circle (of neighbours); besides, eight others are enumerated (in the Institutes of Polity) and (thus) the (total) is declared to be twelve. (Ⅲ)
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7.
157
एताः प्रकृतयो मूलं मण्डलस्य समासतः ।
अष्टौ चान्याः समाख्याता द्वादशैव तु ताः स्मृताः । । ७.१५६[१५७ं] । ।
- The minister, the kingdom, the fortress, the treasury, and the army are five other (constituent elements of the circle); for, these are mentioned in connexion with each (of the first twelve; thus the whole circle consists), briefly (speaking, of) seventy-two (constituent parts). (Ⅲ)
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7.
158
अमात्यराष्ट्रदुर्गार्थ दण्डाख्याः पञ्च चापराः ।
प्रत्येकं कथिता ह्येताः संक्षेपेण द्विसप्ततिः । । ७.१५७[१५८ं] । ।
- Let (the king) consider as hostile his immediate neighbour and the partisan of (such a) foe, as friendly the immediate neighbour of his foe, and as neutral (the king) beyond those two. (Ⅲ)
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7.
159
अनन्तरं अरिं विद्यादरिसेविनं एव च ।
अरेरनन्तरं मित्रं उदासीनं तयोः परम् । । ७.१५८[१५९ं] । ।
- Let him overcome all of them by means of the (four) expedients, conciliation and the rest, (employed) either singly or conjointly, (or) by bravery and policy (alone). (Ⅲ)
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7.
160
तान्सर्वानभिसंदध्यात्सामादिभिरुपक्रमैः ।
व्यस्तैश्चैव समस्तैश्च पौरुषेण नयेन च । । ७.१५९[१६०ं] । ।
- Let him constantly think of the six measures of royal policy (guna, viz.) alliance, war, marching, halting, dividing the army, and seeking protection. (Ⅲ)
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7.
209
चन्द्रार्काद्या ग्रहा वायुरग्निरापस्तथैव च ।
इह दैवेन साध्यन्ते पौरुषेण प्रयत्नतः । । ७.२०९ं । ।
- A weak friend (even) is greatly commended, who is righteous (and) grateful, whose people are contented, who is attached and persevering in his undertakings. (Ⅲ)
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7.
210
सह वापि व्रजेद्युक्तः संधिं कृत्वा प्रयत्नतः ।
मित्रं हिरण्यं भूमिं वा संपश्यंस्त्रिविधं फलम् । । ७.२०६[२१०ं] । ।
- The wise declare him (to be) a most dangerous foe, who is wise, of noble race, brave, clever, liberal, grateful, and firm. (Ⅲ)
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7.
211
पार्ष्णिग्राहं च संप्रेक्ष्य तथाक्रन्दं च मण्डले ।
मित्रादथाप्यमित्राद्वा यात्राफलं अवाप्नुयात् । । ७.२०७[२११ं] । ।
- Behaviour worthy of an Aryan, knowledge of men, bravery, a compassionate disposition, and great liberality are the virtues of a neutral (who may be courted). (Ⅲ)
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7.
212
हिरण्यभूमिसंप्राप्त्या पार्थिवो न तथैधते ।
यथा मित्रं ध्रुवं लब्ध्वा कृशं अप्यायतिक्षमम् । । ७.२०८[२१२ं] । ।
- Let the king, without hesitation, quit for his own sake even a country (which is) salubrious, fertile, and causing an increase of cattle. (Ⅲ)
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7.
213
धर्मज्ञं च कृतज्ञं च तुष्टप्रकृतिं एव च ।
अनुरक्तं स्थिरारम्भं लघुमित्रं प्रशस्यते । । ७.२०९[२१३ं] । ।
- For times of need let him preserve his wealth; at the expense of his wealth let him preserve his wife; let him at all events preserve himself even by (giving up) his wife and his wealth. (Ⅲ)
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7.
214
प्राज्ञं कुलीनं शूरं च दक्षं दातारं एव च ।
कृतज्ञं धृतिमन्तं च कष्टं आहुररिं बुधाः । । ७.२१०[२१४ं] । ।
- A wise (king), seeing that all kinds of misfortunes violently assail him at the same time, should try all (the four) expedients, be it together or separately, (in order to save himself.) (Ⅲ)
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7.
215
आर्यता पुरुषज्ञानं शौर्यं करुणवेदिता ।
स्थौललक्ष्यं च सततं उदासीनगुणोदयः । । ७.२११[२१५ं] । ।
- On the person who employs the expedients, on the business to be accomplished, and on all the expedients collectively, on these three let him ponder and strive to accomplish his ends. (Ⅲ)
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7.
216
क्सेम्यां सस्यप्रदां नित्यं पशुवृद्धिकरीं अपि ।
परित्यजेन्नृपो भूमिं आत्मार्थं अविचारयन् । । ७.२१२[२१६ं] । ।
- Having thus consulted with his ministers on all these (matters), having taken exercise, and having bathed afterwards, the king may enter the harem at midday in order to dine. (Ⅲ)
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7.
120
दशी कुलं तु भुञ्जीत विंशी पञ्च कुलानि च ।
ग्रामं ग्रामशताध्यक्षः सहस्राधिपतिः पुरम् । । ७.११९[१२०ं] । ।
- The affairs of these (officials), which are connected with (their) villages and their separate business, another minister of the king shall inspect, (who must be) loyal and never remiss; (Ⅲ)
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7.
121
तेषां ग्राम्याणि कार्यानि पृथक्कार्याणि चैव हि ।
राज्ञोऽन्यः सचिवः स्निग्धस्तानि पश्येदतन्द्रितः । । ७.१२०[१२१ं] । ।
- And in each town let him appoint one superintendent of all affairs, elevated in rank, formidable, (resembling) a planet among the stars. (Ⅲ)
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7.
122
नगरे नगरे चैकं कुर्यात्सर्वार्थचिन्तकम् ।
उच्चैःस्थानं घोररूपं नक्षत्राणां इव ग्रहम् । । ७.१२१[१२२ं] । ।
- Let that (man) always personally visit by turns all those (other officials); let him properly explore their behaviour in their districts through spies (appointed to) each. (Ⅲ)
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7.
123
स ताननुपरिक्रामेत्सर्वानेव सदा स्वयम् ।
तेषां वृत्तं परिणयेत्सम्यग्राष्ट्रेषु तच्चरैः । । ७.१२२[१२३ं] । ।
- For the servants of the king, who are appointed to protect (the people), generally become knaves who seize the property of others; let him protect his subjects against such (men). (Ⅲ)
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7.
124
राज्ञो हि रक्षाधिकृताः परस्वादायिनः शठाः ।
भृत्या भवन्ति प्रायेण तेभ्यो रक्षेदिमाः प्रजाः । । ७.१२३[१२४ं] । ।
- Let the king confiscate the whole property of those (officials) who, evil-minded, may take money from suitors, and banish them. (Ⅲ)
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7.
125
ये कार्यिकेभ्योऽर्थं एव गृह्णीयुः पापचेतसः ।
तेषां सर्वस्वं आदाय राजा कुर्यात्प्रवासनम् । । ७.१२४[१२५ं] । ।
- For women employed in the royal service and for menial servants, let him fix a daily maintenance, in proportion to their position and to their work. (Ⅲ)
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7.
126
राजा कर्मसु युक्तानां स्त्रीणां प्रेष्यजनस्य च ।
प्रत्यहं कल्पयेद्वृत्तिं स्थानं कर्मानुरूपतः । । ७.१२५[१२६ं] । ।
- One pana must be given (daily) as wages to the lowest, six to the highest, likewise clothing every six months and one drona of grain every month. (Ⅲ)
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7.
127
पणो देयोऽवकृष्टस्य षडुत्कृष्टस्य वेतनम् ।
षाण्मासिकस्तथाच्छादो धान्यद्रोणस्तु मासिकः । । ७.१२६[१२७ं] । ।
- Having well considered (the rates of) purchase and (of) sale, (the length of) the road, (the expense for) food and condiments, the charges of securing the goods, let the king make the traders pay duty. (Ⅲ)
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7.
128
क्रयविक्रयं अध्वानं भक्तं च सपरिव्ययम् ।
योगक्षेमं च संप्रेक्ष्य वणिजो दापयेत्करान् । । ७.१२७[१२८ं] । ।
- After (due) consideration the king shall always fix in his realm the duties and taxes in such a manner that both he himself and the man who does the work receive (their due) reward. (Ⅲ)
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7.
129
यथा फलेन युज्येत राजा कर्ता च कर्मणाम् ।
तथावेक्ष्य नृपो राष्ट्रे कल्पयेत्सततं करान् । । ७.१२८[१२९ं] । ।
- As the leech, the calf, and the bee take their food little by little, even so must the king draw from his realm moderate annual taxes. (Ⅲ)
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7.
130
यथाल्पाल्पं अदन्त्याद्यं वार्योकोवत्सषट्पदाः ।
तथाल्पाल्पो ग्रहीतव्यो राष्ट्राद्राज्ञाब्दिकः करः । । ७.१२९[१३०ं] । ।
- A fiftieth part of (the increments on) cattle and gold may be taken by the king, and the eighth, sixth, or twelfth part of the crops. (Ⅲ)
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7.
131
पञ्चाशद्भाग आदेयो राज्ञा पशुहिरण्ययोः ।
धान्यानां अष्टमो भागः षष्ठो द्वादश एव वा । । ७.१३०[१३१ं] । ।
- He may also take the sixth part of trees, meat, honey, clarified butter, perfumes, (medical) herbs, substances used for flavouring food, flowers, roots, and fruit; (Ⅲ)
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7.
132
आददीताथ षड्भागं द्रुमांसमधुसर्पिषाम् ।
गन्धौषधिरसानां च पुष्पमूलफलस्य च । । ७.१३१[१३२ं] । ।
- Of leaves, pot-herbs, grass, (objects) made of cane, skins, of earthen vessels, and all (articles) made of stone. (Ⅲ)
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7.
133
पत्रशाकतृणानां च चर्मणां वैदलस्य च ।
मृन्मयानां च भाण्डानां सर्वस्याश्ममयस्य च । । ७.१३२[१३३ं] । ।
- Though dying (with want), a king must not levy a tax on Srotriyas, and no Srotriya, residing in his kingdom, must perish from hunger. (Ⅲ)
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7.
134
म्रियमाणोऽप्याददीत न राजा श्रोत्रियात्करम् ।
न च क्षुधास्य संसीदेच्छ्रोत्रियो विषये वसन् । । ७.१३३[१३४ं] । ।
- The kingdom of that king, in whose dominions a Srotriya pines with hunger, will even, ere long, be afflicted by famine. (Ⅲ)
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7.
135
यस्य राज्ञस्तु विषये श्रोत्रियः सीदति क्षुधा ।
तस्यापि तत्क्षुधा राष्ट्रं अचिरेनैव सीदति । । ७.१३४[१३५ं] । ।
- Having ascertained his learning in the Veda and (the purity of) his conduct, the king shall provide for him means of subsistence in accordance with the sacred law, and shall protect him in every way, as a father (protects) the lawful son of his body. (Ⅲ)
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7.
136
श्रुतवृत्ते विदित्वास्य वृत्तिं धर्म्यां प्रकल्पयेत् ।
संरक्षेत्सर्वतश्चैनं पिता पुत्रं इवाउरसम् । । ७.१३५[१३६ं] । ।
- Whatever meritorious acts (such a Brahmana) performs under the full protection of the king, thereby the king's length of life, wealth, and kingdom increase. (Ⅲ)
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7.
137
संरक्ष्यमाणो राज्ञा यं] कुरुते धर्मं अन्वहम् ।
तेनायुर्वर्धते राज्ञो द्रविणं राष्ट्रं एव च । । ७.१३६[१३७ं] । ।
- Let the king make the common inhabitants of his realm who live by traffic, pay annually some trifle, which is called a tax. (Ⅲ)
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