|
8.
101
एतान्दोषानवेक्ष्य त्वं सर्वाननृतभाषणे ।
यथाश्रुतं यथादृष्टं सर्वं एवाञ्जसा वद । । ८.१०१ । ।
- 'Marking well all the evils (which are produced) by perjury, declare thou openly everything as (thou hast) heard or seen (it).' (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
102
गोरक्षकान्वाणिजिकांस्तथा कारुकुशीलवान् ।
प्रेष्यान्वार्धुषिकांश्चैव विप्रान्शूद्रवदाचरेत् । । ८.१०२ । ।
- Brahmanas who tend cattle, who trade, who are mechanics, actors (or singers), menial servants or usurers, the (judge) shall treat like Sudras. (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
103
तद्वदन्धर्मतोऽर्थेषु जानन्नप्यन्य्था नरः ।
न स्वर्गाच्च्यवते लोकाद्दैवीं वाचं वदन्ति ताम् । । ८.१०३ । ।
- In (some) cases a man who, though knowing (the facts to be) different, gives such (false evidence) from a pious motive, does not lose heaven; such (evidence) they call the speech of the gods. (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
104
शूद्रविट्क्षत्रविप्राणां यत्र र्तोक्तौ भवेद्वधः ।
तत्र वक्तव्यं अनृतं तद्धि सत्याद्विशिष्यते । । ८.१०४ । ।
- Whenever the death of a Sudra, of a Vaisya, of a Kshatriya, or of a Brahmana would be (caused) by a declaration of the truth, a falsehood may be spoken; for such (falsehood) is preferable to the truth. (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
140
वसिष्ठविहितां वृद्धिं सृजेद्वित्तविवर्धिनीम् ।
अशीतिभागं गृह्णीयान्मासाद्वार्धुषिकः शते । । ८.१४० । ।
- A money-lender may stipulate as an increase of his capital, for the interest, allowed by Vasishtha, and take monthly the eightieth part of a hundred. (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
141
द्विकं शतं वा गृह्णीयात्सतां धर्मं अनुस्मरन् ।
द्विकं शतं हि गृह्णानो न भवत्यर्थकिल्बिषी । । ८.१४१ । ।
- Or, remembering the duty of good men, he may take two in the hundred (by the month), for he who takes two in the hundred becomes not a sinner for gain. (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
142
द्विकं त्रिकं चतुष्कं च पञ्चकं च शतं समम् ।
मासस्य वृद्धिं गृह्णीयाद्वर्णानां अनुपूर्वशः । । ८.१४२ । ।
- Just two in the hundred, three, four, and five (and not more), he may take as monthly interest according to the order of the castes (varna). (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
143
न त्वेवाधौ सोपकारे कौसीदीं वृद्धिं आप्नुयात् ।
न चाधेः कालसंरोधान्निसर्गोऽस्ति न विक्रयः । । ८.१४३ । ।
- But if a beneficial pledge (i.e. one from which profit accrues, has been given), he shall receive no interest on the loan; nor can he, after keeping (such) a pledge for a very long time, give or sell it. (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
144
न भोक्तव्यो बलादाधिर्भुञ्जानो वृद्धिं उत्सृजेत् ।
मूल्येन तोषयेच्चैनं आधिस्तेनोऽन्यथा भवेत् । । ८.१४४ । ।
- A pledge (to be kept only) must not be used by force, (the creditor), so using it, shall give up his (whole) interest, or, (if it has been spoilt by use) he shall satisfy the (owner) by (paying its) original price; else he commits a theft of the pledge. (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
145
आधिश्चोपनिधिश्चोभौ न कालात्ययं अर्हतः ।
अवहार्यौ भवेतां तौ दीर्घकालं अवस्थितौ । । ८.१४५ । ।
- Neither a pledge nor a deposit can be lost by lapse of time; they are both recoverable, though they have remained long (with the bailee). (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
146
संप्रीत्या भुज्यमानानि न नश्यन्ति कदा चन ।
धेनुरुष्ट्रो वहन्नश्वो यश्च दम्यः प्रयुज्यते । । ८.१४६ । ।
- Things used with friendly assent, a cow, a camel, a riding-horse, and (a beast) made over for breaking in, are never lost (to the owner). (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
105
वाग्गैवत्यैश्च चरुभिर्यजेरंस्ते सरस्वतीम् ।
अनृतस्यैनसस्तस्य कुर्वाणा निष्कृतिं पराम् । । ८.१०५ । ।
- Such (witnesses) must offer to Sarasvati oblations of boiled rice (karu) which are sacred to the goddess of speech, (thus) performing the best penance in order to expiate the guilt of that falsehood. (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
106
कूष्माण्डैर्वापि जुहुयाद्घृतं अग्नौ यथाविधि ।
उदित्यृचा वा वारुण्या तृचेनाब्दैवतेन वा । । ८.१०६ । ।
- Or such (a witness) may offer according to the rule, clarified butter in the fire, reciting the Kushmanda texts, or the Rik, sacred to Varuna, 'Untie, O Varuna, the uppermost fetter,' or the three verses addressed to the Waters. (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
107
त्रिपक्षादब्रुवन्साक्ष्यं ऋणादिषु नरोऽगदः ।
तदृणं प्राप्नुयात्सर्वं दशबन्धं च सर्वतः । । ८.१०७ । ।
- A man who, without being ill, does not give evidence in (cases of) loans and the like within three fortnights (after the summons), shall become responsible for the whole debt and (pay) a tenth part of the whole (as a fine to the king). (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
108
यस्य दृश्येत सप्ताहादुक्तवाक्यस्य साक्षिणः ।
रोगोऽग्निर्ज्ञातिमरणं ऋणं दाप्यो दमं च सः । । ८.१०८ । ।
- The witness to whom, within seven days after he has given evidence, happens (a misfortune through) sickness, a fire, or the death of a relative, shall be made to pay the debt and a fine. (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
109
असाक्षिकेषु त्वर्थेषु मिथो विवादमानयोः ।
अविन्दंस्तत्त्वतः सत्यं शपथेनापि लम्भयेत् । । ८.१०९ । ।
- If two (parties) dispute about matters for which no witnesses are available, and the (judge) is unable to really ascertain the truth, he may cause it to be discovered even by an oath. (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
110
महर्षिभिश्च देवैश्च कार्यार्थं शपथाः कृताः ।
वसिष्ठश्चापि शपथं शेपे पैजवने नृपे । । ८.११० । ।
- Both by the great sages and the gods oaths have been taken for the purpose of (deciding doubtful) matters; and Vasishtha even swore an oath before king (Sudas), the son of Pigavana. (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
111
न वृथा शपथं कुर्यात्स्वल्पेऽप्यर्थे नरो बुधः ।
वृथा हि शपथं कुर्वन्प्रेत्य चेह च नश्यति । । ८.१११ । ।
- Let no wise man swear an oath falsely, even in a trifling matter; for he who swears an oath falsely is lost in this (world) and after death. (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
112
कामिनीषु विवाहेषु गवां भक्ष्ये तथेन्धने ।
ब्राह्मणाभ्युपपत्तौ च शपथे नास्ति पातकम् । । ८.११२ । ।
- No crime, causing loss of caste, is committed by swearing (falsely) to women, the objects of one's desire, at marriages, for the sake of fodder for a cow, or of fuel, and in (order to show) favour to a Brahmana. (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
113
सत्येन शापयेद्विप्रं क्षत्रियं वाहनायुधैः ।
गोबीजकाञ्चनैर्वैश्यं शूद्रं सर्वैस्तु पातकैः । । ८.११३ । ।
- Let the (judge) cause a Brahmana to swear by his veracity, a Kshatriya by his chariot or the animal he rides on and by his weapons, a Vaisya by his kine, grain, and gold, and a Sudra by (imprecating on his own head the guilt) of all grievous offences (pataka). (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
114
अग्निं वाहारयेदेनं अप्सु चैनं निमज्जयेत् ।
पुत्रदारस्य वाप्येनं शिरांसि स्पर्शयेत्पृथक् । । ८.११४ । ।
- Or the (judge) may cause the (party) to carry fire or to dive under water, or severally to touch the heads of his wives and children. (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
115
यं इद्धो न दहत्यग्निरापो नोन्मज्जयन्ति च ।
न चार्तिं ऋच्छति क्षिप्रं स ज्ञेयः शपथे शुचिः । । ८.११५ । ।
- He whom the blazing fire burns not, whom the water forces not to come (quickly) up, who meets with no speedy misfortune, must be held innocent on (the strength of) his oath. (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
116
वत्सस्य ह्यभिशस्तस्य पुरा भ्रात्रा यवीयसा ।
नाग्निर्ददाह रोमापि सत्येन जगतः स्पशः । । ८.११६ । ।
- For formerly when Vatsa was accused by his younger brother, the fire, the spy of the world, burned not even a hair (of his) by reason of his veracity. (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
117
यस्मिन्यस्मिन्विवादे तु कौटसाक्ष्यं कृतं भवेत् ।
तत्तत्कार्यं निवर्तेत कृतं चाप्यकृतं भवेत् । । ८.११७ । ।
- Whenever false evidence has been given in any suit, let the (judge) reverse the judgment, and whatever has been done must be (considered as) undone. (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
118
लोभान्मोहाद्भयान्मैत्रात्कामात्क्रोधात्तथैव च ।
अज्ञानाद्बालभावाच्च साक्ष्यं वितथं उच्यते । । ८.११८ । ।
- Evidence (given) from covetousness, distraction, terror, friendship, lust, wrath, ignorance, and childishness is declared (to be) invalid. (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
119
एषां अन्यतमे स्थाने यः साक्ष्यं अनृतं वदेत् ।
तस्य दण्डविशेषांस्तु प्रवक्ष्याम्यनुपूर्वशः । । ८.११९ । ।
- I will propound in (due) order the particular punishments for him who gives false evidence from any one of these motives. (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
120
लोभात्सहस्रं दण्ड्यस्तु मोहात्पूर्वं तु साहसम् ।
भयाद्द्वौ मध्यमौ दण्डौ मैत्रात्पूर्वं चतुर्गुणम् । । ८.१२० । ।
- (He who commits perjury) through covetousness shall be fined one thousand (panas), (he who does it) through distraction, in the lowest amercement; (if a man does it) through fear, two middling amercements shall be paid as a fine, (if he does it) through friendship, four times the amount of the lowest (amercement). (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
121
कामाद्दशगुणं पूर्वं क्रोधात्तु त्रिगुणं परम् ।
अज्ञानाद्द्वे शते पूर्णे बालिश्याच्छतं एव तु । । ८.१२१ । ।
- (He who does it) through lust, (shall pay) ten times the lowest amercement, but (he who does it) through wrath, three times the next (or second amercement); (he who does it) through ignorance, two full hundreds, but (he who does it) through childishness, one hundred (panas). (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
122
एतानाहुः कौटसाक्ष्ये प्रोक्तान्दण्डान्मनीषिभिः ।
धर्मस्याव्यभिचारार्थं अधर्मनियमाय च । । ८.१२२ । ।
- They declare that the wise have prescribed these fines for perjury, in order to prevent a failure of justice, and in order to restrain injustice. (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
123
कौटसाक्ष्यं तु कुर्वाणांस्त्रीन्वर्णान्धार्मिको नृपः ।
प्रवासयेद्दण्डयित्वा ब्राह्मणं तु विवासयेत् । । ८.१२३ । ।
- But a just king shall fine and banish (men of) the three (lower) castes (varna) who have given false evidence, but a Brahmana he shall (only) banish. (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
124
दश स्थानानि दण्डस्य मनुः स्वयंभुवोऽब्रवीत् ।
त्रिषु वर्णेषु यानि स्युरक्षतो ब्राह्मणो व्रजेत् । । ८.१२४ । ।
- Manu, the son of the Self-existent (Svayambhu), has named ten places on which punishment may be (made to fall) in the cases of the three (lower) castes (varna); but a Brahmana shall depart unhurt (from the country). (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
125
उपस्थं उदरं जिह्वा हस्तौ पादौ च पञ्चमम् ।
चक्षुर्नासा च कर्णौ च धनं देहस्तथैव च । । ८.१२५ । ।
- (These are) the organ, the belly, the tongue, the two hands, and fifthly the two feet, the eye, the nose, the two ears, likewise the (whole) body. (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
126
अनुबन्धं परिज्ञाय देशकालौ च तत्त्वतः ।
सारापराधो चालोक्य दण्डं दण्ड्येषु पातयेत् । । ८.१२६ । ।
- Let the (king), having fully ascertained the motive, the time and place (of the offence), and having considered the ability (of the criminal to suffer) and the (nature of the) crime, cause punishment to fall on those who deserve it. (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
127
अधर्मदण्डनं लोके यशोघ्नं कीर्तिनाशनम् ।
अस्वर्ग्यं च परत्रापि तस्मात्तत्परिवर्जयेत् । । ८.१२७ । ।
- Unjust punishment destroys reputation among men, and fame (after death), and causes even in the next world the loss of heaven; let him, therefore, beware of (inflicting) it. (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
128
अदण्ड्यान्दण्डयन्राजा दण्ड्यांश्चैवाप्यदण्डयन् ।
अयशो महदाप्नोति नरकं चैव गच्छति । । ८.१२८ । ।
- A king who punishes those who do not deserve it, and punishes not those who deserve it, brings great infamy on himself and (after death) sinks into hell. (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
129
वाग्दण्डं प्रथमं कुर्याद्धिग्दण्डं तदनन्तरम् ।
तृतीयं धनदण्डं तु वधदण्डं अतः परम् । । ८.१२९ । ।
- Let him punish first by (gentle) admonition, afterwards by (harsh) reproof, thirdly by a fine, after that by corporal chastisement. (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
130
वधेनापि यदा त्वेतान्निग्रहीतुं न शक्नुयात् ।
तदैषु सर्वं अप्येतत्प्रयुञ्जीत चतुष्टयम् । । ८.१३० । ।
- But when he cannot restrain such (offenders) even by corporal punishment, then let him apply to them even all the four (modes cojointly). (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
131
लोकसंव्यवहारार्थं याः संज्ञाः प्रथिता भुवि ।
ताम्ररूप्यसुवर्णानां ताः प्रवक्ष्याम्यशेषतः । । ८.१३१ । ।
- Those technical names of (certain quantities of) copper, silver, and gold, which are generally used on earth for the purpose of business transactions among men, I will fully declare. (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
132
जालान्तरगते भानौ यत्सूक्ष्मं दृश्यते रजः ।
प्रथमं तत्प्रमाणानां त्रसरेणुं प्रचक्षते । । ८.१३२ । ।
- The very small mote which is seen when the sun shines through a lattice, they declare (to be) the least of (all) quantities and (to be called) a trasarenu (a floating particle of dust). (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
133
त्रसरेणवोऽष्टौ विज्ञेया लिक्षैका परिमाणतः ।
ता राजसर्षपस्तिस्रस्ते त्रयो गौरसर्षपः । । ८.१३३ । ।
- Know (that) eight trasarenus (are equal) in bulk (to) a liksha (the egg of a louse), three of those to one grain of black mustard (ragasarshapa), and three of the latter to a white mustard-seed. (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
134
सर्षपाः षड्यवो मध्यस्त्रियवं त्वेककृष्णलम् ।
पञ्चकृष्णलको माषस्ते सुवर्णस्तु षोडश । । ८.१३४ । ।
- Six grains of white mustard are one middle-sized barley-corn, and three barley-corns one krishnala (raktika, or gunga-berry); five krishnalas are one masha (bean), and sixteen of those one suvarna. (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
135
पलं सुवर्णाश्चत्वारः पलानि धरणं दश ।
द्वे कृष्णले समधृते विज्ञेयो रौप्यमाषकः । । ८.१३५ । ।
- Four suvarnas are one pala, and ten palas one dharana; two krishnalas (of silver), weighed together, must be considered one mashaka of silver. (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
136
ते षोडश स्याद्धरणं पुराणश्चैव राजतः ।
कार्षापणस्तु विज्ञेयस्ताम्रिकः कार्षिकः पणः । । ८.१३६ । ।
- Sixteen of those make a silver dharana, or purana; but know (that) a karsha of copper is a karshapana, or pana. (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
137
धरणानि दश ज्ञेयः शतमानस्तु राजतः ।
चतुःसौवर्णिको निष्को विज्ञेयस्तु प्रमाणतः । । ८.१३७ । ।
- Know (that) ten dharanas of silver make one satamana; four suvarnas must be considered (equal) in weight to a nishka. (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
138
पणानां द्वे शते सार्धे प्रथमः साहसः स्मृतः ।
मध्यमः पञ्च विज्ञेयः सहस्रं त्वेव चोत्तमः । । ८.१३८ । ।
- Two hundred and fifty panas are declared (to be) the first (or lowest) amercement, five (hundred) are considered as the mean (or middlemost), but one thousand as the highest. (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
139
ऋणे देये प्रतिज्ञाते पञ्चकं शतं अर्हति ।
अपह्नवे तद्द्विगुणं तन्मनोरनुशासनम् । । ८.१३९ । ।
- A debt being admitted as due, (the defendant) shall pay five in the hundred (as a fine), if it be denied (and proved) twice as much; that is the teaching of Manu. (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
147
यत्किं चिद्दशवर्षाणि संनिधौ प्रेक्षते धनी ।
भुज्यमानं परैस्तूष्णीं न स तल्लब्धुं अर्हति । । ८.१४७ । ।
- (But in general) whatever (chattel) an owner sees enjoyed by others during ten years, while, though present, he says nothing, that (chattel) he shall not recover. (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
148
अजडश्चेदपोगण्डो विषये चास्य भुज्यते ।
भग्नं तद्व्यवहारेण भोक्ता तद्द्रव्यं अर्हति । । ८.१४८ । ।
- If (the owner is) neither an idiot nor a minor and if (his chattel) is enjoyed (by another) before his eyes, it is lost to him by law; the adverse possessor shall retain that property. (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
149
आधिः सीमा बालधनं निक्षेपोपनिधिः स्त्रियः ।
राजस्वं श्रोत्रियस्वं च न भोगेन प्रणश्यति । । ८.१४९ । ।
- A pledge, a boundary, the property of infants, an (open) deposit, a sealed deposit, women, the property of the king and the wealth of a Srotriya are not lost in consequence of (adverse) enjoyment. (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
|
8.
150
यः स्वामिनाननुज्ञातं आधिं भूङ्क्तेऽविचक्षणः ।
तेनार्धवृद्धिर्मोक्तव्या तस्य भोगस्य निष्कृतिः । । ८.१५० । ।
- The fool who uses a pledge without the permission of the owner, shall remit half of his interest, as a compensation for (such) use. (Ⅲ)
|
|
|
|
