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9.
89
कामं आ मरणात्तिष्ठेद्गृहे कन्या र्तुमत्यपि ।
न चैवैनां प्रयच्चेत्तु गुणहीनाय कर्हि चित् । । ९.८९ । ।
- (But) the maiden, though marriageable, should rather stop in (the father's) house until death, than that he should ever give her to a man destitute of good qualities. (Ⅲ)
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9.
90
त्रीणि वर्षाण्युदीक्षेत कुमार्यृतुमती सती ।
ऊर्ध्वं तु कालादेतस्माद्विन्देत सदृशं पतिम् । । ९.९० । ।
- Three years let a damsel wait, though she be marriageable; but after that time let her choose for herself a bridegroom (of) equal (caste and rank). (Ⅲ)
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9.
91
अदीयमाना भर्तारं अधिगच्छेद्यदि स्वयम् ।
नैनः किं चिदवाप्नोति न च यं साधिगच्छति । । ९.९१ । ।
- If, being not given in marriage, she herself seeks a husband, she incurs no guilt, nor (does) he whom she weds. (Ⅲ)
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9.
92
अलङ्कारं नाददीत पित्र्यं कन्या स्वयंवरा ।
मातृकं भ्रातृदत्तं वा स्तेना स्याद्यदि तं हरेत् । । ९.९२ । ।
- A maiden who choses for herself, shall not take with her any ornaments, given by her father or her mother, or her brothers; if she carries them away, it will be theft. (Ⅲ)
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9.
93
पित्रे न दद्याच्छुल्कं तु कन्यां ऋतुमतीं हरन् ।
स च स्वाम्यादतिक्रामेदृतूनां प्रतिरोधनात् । । ९.९३ । ।
- But he who takes (to wife) a marriageable damsel, shall not pay any nuptial fee to her father; for the (latter) will lose his dominion over her in consequence of his preventing (the legitimate result of the appearance of) her enemies. (Ⅲ)
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9.
94
त्रिंशद्वर्षो वहेत्कन्यां हृद्यां द्वादशवार्षिकीम् ।
त्र्यष्टवर्षोऽष्टवर्षां वा धर्मे सीदति सत्वरः । । ९.९४ । ।
- A man, aged thirty years, shall marry a maiden of twelve who pleases him, or a man of twenty-four a girl eight years of age; if (the performance of) his duties would (otherwise) be impeded, (he must marry) sooner. (Ⅲ)
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9.
95
देवदत्तां पतिर्भार्यां विन्दते नेच्छयात्मनः ।
तां साध्वीं बिभृयान्नित्यं देवानां प्रियं आचरन् । । ९.९५ । ।
- The husband receives his wife from the gods, (he does not wed her) according to his own will; doing what is agreeable to the gods, he must always support her (while she is) faithful. (Ⅲ)
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9.
96
प्रजनार्थं स्त्रियः सृष्टाः संतानार्थं च मानवः ।
तस्मात्साधारणो धर्मः श्रुतौ पत्न्या सहोदितः । । ९.९६ । ।
- To be mothers were women created, and to be fathers men; religious rites, therefore, are ordained in the Veda to be performed (by the husband) together with the wife. (Ⅲ)
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9.
97
कन्यायां दत्तशुल्कायां म्रियेत यदि शुल्कदः ।
देवराय प्रदातव्या यदि कन्यानुमन्यते । । ९.९७ । ।
- If, after the nuptial fee has been paid for a maiden, the giver of the fee dies, she shall be given in marriage to his brother, in case she consents. (Ⅲ)
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9.
98
आददीत न शूद्रोऽपि शुल्कं दुहितरं ददन् ।
शुल्कं हि गृह्णन्कुरुते छन्नं दुहितृविक्रयम् । । ९.९८ । ।
- Even a Sudra ought not to take a nuptial fee, when he gives away his daughter; for he who takes a fee sell his daughter, covering (the transaction by another name). (Ⅲ)
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9.
99
एतत्तु न परे चक्रुर्नापरे जातु साधवः ।
यदन्यस्य प्रतिज्ञाय पुनरन्यस्य दीयते । । ९.९९ । ।
- Neither ancients nor moderns who were good men have done such (a deed) that, after promising (a daughter) to one man, they have her to another; (Ⅲ)
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9.
100
नानुशुश्रुम जात्वेतत्पूर्वेष्वपि हि जन्मसु ।
शुल्कसंज्ञेन मूल्येन छन्नं दुहितृविक्रयम् । । ९.१०० । ।
- Nor, indeed, have we heard, even in former creations, of such (a thing as) the covert sale of a daughter for a fixed price, called a nuptial fee. (Ⅲ)
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9.
101
अन्योन्यस्याव्यभिचारो भवेदामरणान्तिकः ।
एष धर्मः समासेन ज्ञेयः स्त्रीपुंसयोः परः । । ९.१०१ । ।
- 'Let mutual fidelity continue until death,' this may be considered as the summary of the highest law for husband and wife. (Ⅲ)
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9.
102
तथा नित्यं यतेयातां स्त्रीपुंसौ तु कृतक्रियौ ।
यथा नाभिचरेतां तौ वियुक्तावितरेतरम् । । ९.१०२ । ।
- Let man and woman, united in marriage, constantly exert themselves, that (they may not be) disunited (and) may not violate their mutual fidelity. (Ⅲ)
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9.
103
एष स्त्रीपुंसयोरुक्तो धर्मो वो रतिसंहितः ।
आपद्यपत्यप्राप्तिश्च दायधर्मं निबोधत । । ९.१०३ । ।
- Thus has been declared to you the law for a husband and his wife, which is intimately connected with conjugal happiness, and the manner of raising offspring in times of calamity; learn (now the law concerning) the division of the inheritance. (Ⅲ)
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9.
104
ऊर्ध्वं पितुश्च मातुश्च समेत्य भ्रातरः समम् ।
भजेरन्पैतृकं रिक्थं अनीशास्ते हि जीवतोः । । ९.१०४ । ।
- After the death of the father and of the mother, the brothers, being assembled, may divide among themselves in equal shares the paternal (and the maternal) estate; for, they have no power (over it) while the parents live. (Ⅲ)
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9.
105
ज्येष्ठ एव तु गृह्णीयात्पित्र्यं धनं अशेषतः ।
शेषास्तं उपजीवेयुर्यथैव पितरं तथा । । ९.१०५ । ।
- (Or) the eldest alone may take the whole paternal estate, the others shall live under him just as (they lived) under their father. (Ⅲ)
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9.
106
ज्येष्ठेन जातमात्रेण पुत्री भवति मानवः ।
पितॄणां अनृणश्चैव स तस्मात्सर्वं अर्हति । । ९.१०६ । ।
- Immediately on the birth of his first-born a man is (called) the father of a son and is freed from the debt to the manes; that (son), therefore, is worthy (to receive) the whole estate. (Ⅲ)
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9.
107
यस्मिन्नृणं संनयति येन चानन्त्यं अश्नुते ।
स एव धर्मजः पुत्रः कामजानितरान्विदुः । । ९.१०७ । ।
- That son alone on whom he throws his debt and through whom he obtains immortality, is begotten for (the fulfilment of) the law; all the rest they consider the offspring of desire. (Ⅲ)
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9.
108
पितेव पालयेत्पूत्रान्ज्येष्ठो भ्रातॄण् यवीयसः ।
पुत्रवच्चापि वर्तेरन्ज्येष्ठे भ्रातरि धर्मतः । । ९.१०८ । ।
- As a father (supports) his sons, so let the eldest support his younger brothers, and let them also in accordance with the law behave towards their eldest brother as sons (behave towards their father). (Ⅲ)
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9.
109
ज्येष्ठः कुलं वर्धयति विनाशयति वा पुनः ।
ज्येष्ठः पूज्यतमो लोके ज्येष्ठः सद्भिरगर्हितः । । ९.१०९ । ।
- The eldest (son) makes the family prosperous or, on the contrary, brings it to ruin; the eldest (is considered) among men most worthy of honour, the eldest is not treated with disrespect by the virtuous. (Ⅲ)
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9.
110
यो ज्येष्ठो ज्येष्ठवृत्तिः स्यान्मातेव स पितेव सः ।
अज्येष्ठवृत्तिर्यस्तु स्यात्स संपूज्यस्तु बन्धुवत् । । ९.११० । ।
- If the eldest brother behaves as an eldest brother (ought to do), he (must be treated) like a mother and like a father; but if he behaves in a manner unworthy of an eldest brother, he should yet be honoured like a kinsman. (Ⅲ)
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9.
111
एवं सह वसेयुर्वा पृथग्वा धर्मकाम्यया ।
पृथग्विवर्धते धर्मस्तस्माद्धर्म्या पृथक्क्रिया । । ९.१११ । ।
- Either let them thus live together, or apart, if (each) desires (to gain) spiritual merit; for (by their living) separate (their) merit increases, hence separation is meritorious. (Ⅲ)
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9.
112
ज्येष्ठस्य विंश उद्धारः सर्वद्रव्याच्च यद्वरम् ।
ततोऽर्धं मध्यमस्य स्यात्तुरीयं तु यवीयसः । । ९.११२ । ।
- The additional share (deducted) for the eldest shall be one-twentieth (of the estate) and the best of all chattels, for the middlemost half of that, but for the youngest one-fourth. (Ⅲ)
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9.
113
ज्येष्ठश्चैव कनिष्ठश्च संहरेतां यथोदितम् ।
येऽन्ये ज्येष्ठकनिष्ठाभ्यां तेषां स्यान्मध्यमं धनम् । । ९.११३ । ।
- Both the eldest and the youngest shall take (their shares) according to (the rule just) stated (each of) those who are between the eldest and the youngest, shall have the share (prescribed for the) middlemost. (Ⅲ)
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9.
114
सर्वेषां धनजातानां आददीताग्र्यं अग्रजः ।
यच्च सातिशयं किं चिद्दशतश्चाप्नुयाद्वरम् । । ९.११४ । ।
- Among the goods of every kind the eldest shall take the best (article), and (even a single chattel) which is particularly good, as well as the best of ten (animals). (Ⅲ)
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9.
115
उद्धारो न दशस्वस्ति संपन्नानां स्वकर्मसु ।
यत्किं चिदेव देयं तु ज्यायसे मानवर्धनम् । । ९.११५ । ।
- But among (brothers) equally skilled in their occupations, there is no additional share, (consisting of the best animal) among ten; some trifle only shall be given to the eldest as a token of respect. (Ⅲ)
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9.
116
एवं समुद्धृतोद्धारे समानंशान्प्रकल्पयेत् ।
उद्धारेऽनुद्धृते त्वेषां इयं स्यादंशकल्पना । । ९.११६ । ।
- If additional shares are thus deducted, one must allot equal shares (out of the residue to each); but if no deduction is made, the allotment of the shares among them shall be (made) in the following manner. (Ⅲ)
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9.
117
एकाधिकं हरेज्ज्येष्ठः पुत्रोऽध्यर्धं ततोऽनुजः ।
अंशं अंशं यवीयांस इति धर्मो व्यवस्थितः । । ९.११७ । ।
- Let the eldest son take one share in excess, the (brother) born next after him one (share) and a half, the younger ones one share each; thus the law is settled. (Ⅲ)
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9.
118
स्वेभ्योऽंशेभ्यस्तु कन्याभ्यः प्रदद्युर्भ्रातरः पृथक् ।
स्वात्स्वादंशाच्चतुर्भागं पतिताः स्युरदित्सवः । । ९.११८ । ।
- But to the maiden (sisters) the brothers shall severally give (portions) out of their shares, each out of his share one-fourth part; those who refuse to give (it), will become outcasts. (Ⅲ)
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9.
119
अजाविकं सैकशफं न जातु विषमं भजेत् ।
अजाविकं तु विषमं ज्येष्ठस्यैव विधीयते । । ९.११९ । ।
- Let him never divide (the value of) a single goat or sheep, or a (single beast) with uncloven hoofs; it is prescribed (that) a single goat or sheep (remaining after an equal division, belongs) to the eldest alone. (Ⅲ)
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9.
120
यवीयाञ् ज्येष्ठभार्यायां पुत्रं उत्पादयेद्यदि ।
समस्तत्र विभागः स्यादिति धर्मो व्यवस्थितः । । ९.१२० । ।
- If a younger brother begets a son on the wife of the elder, the division must then be made equally; this the law is settled. (Ⅲ)
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9.
121
उपसर्जनं प्रधानस्य धर्मतो नोपपद्यते ।
पिता प्रधानं प्रजने तस्माद्धर्मेण तं भजेत् । । ९.१२१ । ।
- The representative (the son begotten on the wife) is not invested with the right of the principal (the eldest brother to an additional share); the principal (became) a father on the procreation (of a son by his younger brother); hence one should give a share to the (son begotten on the wife of the elder brother) according to the rule (stated above). (Ⅲ)
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9.
122
पुत्रः कनिष्ठो ज्येष्ठायां कनिष्ठायां च पूर्वजः ।
कथं तत्र विभागः स्यादिति चेत्संशयो भवेत् । । ९.१२२ । ।
- If there be a doubt, how the division shall be made, in case the younger son is born of the elder wife and the elder son of the younger wife, (Ⅲ)
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9.
123
एकं वृषभं उद्धारं संहरेत स पूर्वजः ।
ततोऽपरे ज्येष्ठवृषास्तदूनानां स्वमातृतः । । ९.१२३ । ।
- (Then the son) born of the first wife shall take as his additional share one (most excellent) bull; the next best bulls (shall belong) to those (who are) inferior on account of their mothers. (Ⅲ)
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9.
126
जन्मज्येष्ठेन चाह्वानं सुब्रह्मण्यास्वपि स्मृतम् ।
यमयोश्चैव गर्भेषु जन्मतो ज्येष्ठता स्मृता । । ९.१२६ । ।
- And with respect to the Subrahmanya (texts) also it is recorded that the invocation (of Indra shall be made) by the first-born, of twins likewise, (conceived at one time) in the wombs (of their mothers) the seniority is declared (to depend) on (actual) birth. (Ⅲ)
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9.
127
अपुत्रोऽनेन विधिना सुतां कुर्वीत पुत्रिकाम् ।
यदपत्यं भवेदस्यां तन्मम स्यात्स्वधाकरम् । । ९.१२७ । ।
- He who has no son may make his daughter in the following manner an appointed daughter (putrika, saying to her husband), 'The (male) child, born of her, shall perform my funeral rites.' (Ⅲ)
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9.
128
अनेन तु विधानेन पुरा चक्रेऽथ पुत्रिकाः ।
विवृद्ध्यर्थं स्ववंशस्य स्वयं दक्षः प्रजापतिः । । ९.१२८ । ।
- According to this rule Daksha, himself, lord of created beings, formerly made (all his female offspring) appointed daughters in order to multiply his race. (Ⅲ)
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9.
129
ददौ स दश धर्माय कश्यपाय त्रयोदश ।
सोमाय राज्ञे सत्कृत्य प्रीतात्मा सप्तविंशतिम् । । ९.१२९ । ।
- He gave ten to Dharma, thirteen to Kasyapa, twenty-seven to King Soma, honouring (them) with an affectionate heart. (Ⅲ)
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9.
130
यथैवात्मा तथा पुत्रः पुत्रेण दुहिता समा ।
तस्यां आत्मनि तिष्ठन्त्यां कथं अन्यो धनं हरेत् । । ९.१३० । ।
- A son is even (as) oneself, (such) a daughter is equal to a son; how can another (heir) take the estate, while such (an appointed daughter who is even) oneself, lives? (Ⅲ)
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9.
131
मातुस्तु यौतकं यत्स्यात्कुमारीभाग एव सः ।
दौहित्र एव च हरेदपुत्रस्याखिलं धनम् । । ९.१३१ । ।
- But whatever may be the separate property of the mother, that is the share of the unmarried daughter alone; and the son of an (appointed) daughter shall take the whole estate of (his maternal grandfather) who leaves no son. (Ⅲ)
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9.
132
दौहित्रो ह्यखिलं रिक्थं अपुत्रस्य पितुर्हरेत् ।
स एव दद्याद्द्वौ पिण्डौ पित्रे मातामहाय च । । ९.१३२ । ।
- The son of an (appointed) daughter, indeed, shall (also) take the estate of his (own) father, who leaves no (other) son; he shall (then) present two funeral cakes to his own father and to his maternal grandfather. (Ⅲ)
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9.
133
पौत्रदौहित्रयोर्लोके न विशेषोऽस्ति धर्मतः ।
तयोर्हि मातापितरौ संभूतौ तस्य देहतः । । ९.१३३ । ।
- Between a son's son and the son of an (appointed) daughter there is no difference, neither with respect to worldly matters nor to sacred duties; for their father and mother both sprang from the body of the same (man). (Ⅲ)
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9.
134
पुत्रिकायां कृतायां तु यदि पुत्रोऽनुजायते ।
समस्तत्र विभागः स्याज्ज्येष्ठता नास्ति हि स्त्रियाः । । ९.१३४ । ।
- But if, after a daughter has been appointed, a son be born (to her father), the division (of the inheritance) must in that (case) be equal; for there is no right of primogeniture for a woman. (Ⅲ)
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9.
135
अपुत्रायां मृतायां तु पुत्रिकायां कथं चन ।
धनं तत्पुत्रिकाभर्ता हरेतैवाविचारयन् । । ९.१३५ । ।
- But if an appointed daughter by accident dies without (leaving) a son, the husband of the appointed daughter may, without hesitation, take that estate. (Ⅲ)
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9.
136
अकृता वा कृता वापि यं विन्देत्सदृशात्सुतम् ।
पौत्री मातामहस्तेन दद्यात्पिण्डं हरेद्धनम् । । ९.१३६ । ।
- Through that son whom (a daughter), either not appointed or appointed, may bear to (a husband) of equal (caste), his maternal grandfather (has) a son's son; he shall present the funeral cake and take the estate. (Ⅲ)
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9.
137
पुत्रेण लोकाञ् जयति पौत्रेणानन्त्यं अश्नुते ।
अथ पुत्रस्य पौत्रेण ब्रध्नस्याप्नोति विष्टपम् । । ९.१३७ । ।
- Through a son he conquers the worlds, through a son's son he obtains immortality, but through his son's grandson he gains the world of the sun. (Ⅲ)
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9.
138
पुंनाम्नो नरकाद्यस्मात्त्रायते पितरं सुतः ।
तस्मात्पुत्र इति प्रोक्तः स्वयं एव स्वयंभुवा । । ९.१३८ । ।
- Because a son delivers (trayate) his father from the hell called Put, he was therefore called put-tra (a deliverer from Put) by the Self-existent (Svayambhu) himself. (Ⅲ)
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9.
139
पौत्रदौहित्रयोर्लोके विशेषो नोपपद्यते ।
दौहित्रोऽपि ह्यमुत्रैनं संतारयति पौत्रवत् । । ९.१३९ । ।
- Between a son's son and the son of a daughter there exists in this world no difference; for even the son of a daughter saves him (who has no sons) in the next world, like the son's son. (Ⅲ)
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9.
140
मातुः प्रथमतः पिण्डं निर्वपेत्पुत्रिकासुतः ।
द्वितीयं तु पितुस्तस्यास्तृतीयं तत्पितुः पितुः । । ९.१४० । ।
- Let the son of an appointed daughter first present a funeral cake to his mother, the second to her father, the funeral to his father's father. (Ⅲ)
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