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18.
1
When the great Tao decays, there is humanity and justice. Where wisdom and benevolence appear, there is great hypocrisy. When the six degrees of relationship are not in harmony, there is piety and benevolence. When state and family are in disorder, then there are loyal ministers.
- Chinese :
《道德經》: 大道廢，有仁義；智慧出，有大偽；六親不和，有孝慈；國家昏亂，有忠臣
《老子河上公章句·俗薄》: 大道廢，有仁義。智慧出，有大偽。六親不和，有孝慈。國家昏亂，有忠臣
《郭店·老子丙》: 故大道廢，安有仁義。六親不和，安有孝慈。邦家昏□安有正臣
《馬王堆·老子甲道經》: 故大道廢，案有仁義；知快出，案有大偽；六親不和，案有畜茲；邦家昏亂，案有貞臣
《馬王堆·老子乙道經》: 故大道廢，安有仁義；知慧出，安有□□；六親不和，安又孝茲；國家昏亂，安有貞臣。 (Ⅰ) - He Shanggong (Chinese) :
大道廢，有仁義。智慧出，有大偽。六親不和，有孝慈。國家昏亂，有忠臣。 (Ⅱ) - Wing-Tsit Chan (1963) :
When the great Tao declined, The doctrine of humanity and righteousness arose.
When knowledge and wisdom appeared, There emerged great hypocrisy.
When the six family relationships are not in harmony, There will be the advocacy of filial piety and deep love to children.
When a country is in disorder, There will be the praise of loyal ministers. (Ⅲ) - Ellen Marie Chen (1989) :
On the decline of the great Tao,
There are humanity (jen) and righteousness (i).
When intelligence (hui) and knowledge (chih) appear,
There is great artificiality (wei).
When the six relations are not in harmony,
There are filial piety (hsiao) and parental love (tz'u).
When a nation is in darkness (hun) and disorder (lüan),
There are loyal ministers. (Ⅳ) - Ch'u Ta-Kao (1904) :
When the great Tao is lost, spring forth benevolence and righteousness.
When wisdom and sagacity arise, there are great hypocrites.
When family relations are no longer harmonious, we have filial children and devoted parents.
When a nation is in confusion and disorder, patriots are recognized. Where Tao is, equilibrium is. When Tao is lost, out come all the differences of things. (Ⅴ) - World by world translation :
Traditional // simplified // pinyin // definition // dictionary
大道 // 大道 // dà dào // ① grande route ② route à grande circulation ③ la voie qui mène à un avenir radieux // Chinese-French
大道 // 大道 // dà dào // ① main street ② avenue // CC-CEDICT
廢 // 废 // fèi // ① usé ② perdu ③ abandonner ④ abolir // Chinese-French
廢 // 废 // fèi // ① to abolish ② to abandon ③ to abrogate ④ to discard ⑤ to depose ⑥ to oust ⑦ crippled ⑧ abandoned ⑨ waste // CC-CEDICT
有 // 有 // yǒu // ① avoir ② posséder ③ il y a ④ exister // Chinese-French
有 // 有 // yǒu // ① to have ② there is ③ there are ④ to exist ⑤ to be // CC-CEDICT
仁義 // 仁义 // rén yì // ① benevolence and righteousness // CC-CEDICT
仁義 // 仁义 // rén yi // ① affable et à l'humeur toujours égale ② sens de l'humanité ③ idéal confucéen // Chinese-French
仁義 // 仁义 // rén yi // ① affable and even-tempered // CC-CEDICT
智慧 // 智慧 // zhì huì // ① sagesse // Chinese-French
智慧 // 智慧 // zhì huì // ① wisdom ② knowledge ③ intelligent ④ intelligence // CC-CEDICT
出 // 出 // chū // ① sortir ② dépasser ③ délivrer ④ produire ⑤ fabriquer ⑥ paraître ⑦ surgir // Chinese-French
出 // 出 // chū // ① to go out ② to come out ③ to occur ④ to produce ⑤ to go beyond ⑥ to rise ⑦ to put forth ⑧ to happen ⑨ classifier for dramas, plays, operas etc // CC-CEDICT
齣 // 出 // chū // ① variant of 出[chu1] (classifier for plays or chapters of classical novels) // CC-CEDICT
有 // 有 // yǒu // ① avoir ② posséder ③ il y a ④ exister // Chinese-French
有 // 有 // yǒu // ① to have ② there is ③ there are ④ to exist ⑤ to be // CC-CEDICT
大 // 大 // dà // ① grand ② massif // Chinese-French
大 // 大 // dà // ① big ② huge ③ large ④ major ⑤ great ⑥ wide ⑦ deep ⑧ older (than) ⑨ oldest ⑩ eldest ⑪ greatly ⑫ very much ⑬ (dialect) father ⑭ father's elder or younger brother // CC-CEDICT
大 // 大 // dài // ① docteur ② médecin // Chinese-French
大 // 大 // dài // ① see 大夫[dai4 fu5] // CC-CEDICT
偽 // 伪 // wěi // ① false ② fake ③ forged ④ bogus ⑤ Taiwan pr. [wei4] // CC-CEDICT
六親 // 六亲 // liù qīn // ① les six relations de parenté (père, mère, frères plus âgés, frères moins âgés, femme, et enfants) ② parenté ③ les proches // Chinese-French
六親 // 六亲 // liù qīn // ① six close relatives, namely: father 父[fu4], mother 母[mu3], older brothers 兄[xiong1], younger brothers 弟[di4], wife 妻[qi1], male children 子[zi3] ② one's kin // CC-CEDICT
不和 // 不和 // bù hé // ① désaccord ② désunion ③ différend ④ discord ⑤ discorde ⑥ dissension ⑦ dissentiment ⑧ division ⑨ zizanie ⑩ trouble ⑪ fâcherie ⑫ friction ⑬ frottement ⑭ discorder ⑮ désunir // Chinese-French
不和 // 不和 // bù hé // ① not to get along well ② to be on bad terms ③ to be at odds ④ discord // CC-CEDICT
有 // 有 // yǒu // ① avoir ② posséder ③ il y a ④ exister // Chinese-French
有 // 有 // yǒu // ① to have ② there is ③ there are ④ to exist ⑤ to be // CC-CEDICT
孝 // 孝 // xiào // ① piété filiable ② deuil // Chinese-French
孝 // 孝 // xiào // ① filial piety or obedience ② mourning apparel // CC-CEDICT
慈 // 慈 // cí // ① bon ② tendre // Chinese-French
慈 // 慈 // cí // ① compassionate ② gentle ③ merciful ④ kind ⑤ humane // CC-CEDICT
國家 // 国家 // guó jiā // ① pays // Chinese-French
國家 // 国家 // guó jiā // ① country ② nation ③ state ④ CL:個|个[ge4] // CC-CEDICT
昏亂 // 昏乱 // hūn luàn // ① troublé ② désorienté ③ stupéfait ④ perdre le Nord // Chinese-French
昏亂 // 昏乱 // hūn luàn // ① dazed ② confused ③ fuddled // CC-CEDICT
有 // 有 // yǒu // ① avoir ② posséder ③ il y a ④ exister // Chinese-French
有 // 有 // yǒu // ① to have ② there is ③ there are ④ to exist ⑤ to be // CC-CEDICT
忠臣 // 忠臣 // zhōng chén // ① ministre fidèle // Chinese-French
忠臣 // 忠臣 // zhōng chén // ① faithful official // CC-CEDICT (Ⅵ) - Yi Wu (1989) :
When the Way is lost
There needs to be grace and kindness.
When sophisticated knowledge is produced
There must be falsehood.
When relatives turn rude to each other,
There must be filial piety.
When a country is in chaos,
There will appear loyalty. (Ⅶ) - Lynn (2004) :
It is when the great Dao is forsaken that benevolence and righteousness appear,
When wisdom and intelligence emerge that great falsehood occurs,
When the six relations exist in disharmony that the obedient and the kind appear, and when the state is in disorder that loyal ministers arise. (Ⅷ)
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