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8.
88
ब्रूहीति ब्राह्मणं पृच्छेत्सत्यं ब्रूहीति पार्थिवम् ।
गोबीजकाञ्चनैर्वैश्यं शूद्रं सर्वैस्तु पातकैः । । ८.८८ । ।
- Let him examine a Brahmana (beginning with) 'Speak,' a Kshatriya (beginning with) 'Speak the truth,' a Vaisya (admonishing him) by (mentioning) his kine, grain, and gold, a Sudra (threatening him) with (the guilt of) every crime that causes loss of caste; (Ⅲ)
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8.
89
ब्रह्मघ्नो ये स्मृता लोका ये च स्त्रीबालघातिनः ।
मित्रद्रुहः कृतघ्नस्य ते ते स्युर्ब्रुवतो मृषा । । ८.८९ । ।
- (Saying), 'Whatever places (of torment) are assigned (by the sages) to the slayer of a Brahmana, to the murderer of women and children, to him who betrays a friend, and to an ungrateful man, those shall be thy (portion), if thou speakest falsely. (Ⅲ)
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8.
90
जन्मप्रभृति यत्किं चित्पुण्यं भद्र त्वया कृतम् ।
तत्ते सर्वं शुनो गच्छेद्यदि ब्रूयास्त्वं अन्यथा । । ८.९० । ।
- '(The reward) of all meritorious deeds which thou, good man, hast done since thy birth, shall become the share of the dogs, if in thy speech thou departest from the truth. (Ⅲ)
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8.
91
एकोऽहं अस्मीत्यात्मानं यस्त्वं कल्याण मन्यसे ।
नित्यं स्थितस्ते हृद्येष पुण्यपापेक्षिता मुनिः । । ८.९१ । ।
- 'If thou thinkest, O friend of virtue, with respect to thyself, "I am alone," (know that) that sage who witnesses all virtuous acts and all crimes, ever resides in thy heart. (Ⅲ)
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8.
92
यमो वैवस्वतो देवो यस्तवैष हृदि स्थितः ।
तेन चेदविवादस्ते मा गङ्गां मा कुरून्गमः । । ८.९२ । ।
- 'If thou art not at variance with that divine Yama, the son of Vivasvat, who dwells in thy heart, thou needest neither visit the Ganges nor the (land of the) Kurus. (Ⅲ)
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8.
93
नग्नो मुण्डः कपालेन च भिक्षार्थी क्षुत्पिपासितः ।
अन्धः शत्रुकुलं गच्छेद्यः साक्ष्यं अनृतं वदेत् । । ८.९३ । ।
- 'Naked and shorn, tormented with hunger and thirst, and deprived of sight, shall the man who gives false evidence, go with a potsherd to beg food at the door of his enemy. (Ⅲ)
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8.
94
अवाक्शिरास्तमस्यन्धे किल्बिषी नरकं व्रजेत् ।
यः प्रश्नं वितथं ब्रूयात्पृष्टः सन्धर्मनिश्चये । । ८.९४ । ।
- 'Headlong, in utter darkness shall the sinful man tumble into hell, who being interrogated in a judicial inquiry answers one question falsely. (Ⅲ)
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8.
95
अन्धो मत्स्यानिवाश्नाति स नरः कण्टकैः सह ।
यो भाषतेऽर्थवैकल्यं अप्रत्यक्षं सभां गतः । । ८.९५ । ।
- 'That man who in a court (of justice) gives an untrue account of a transaction (or asserts a fact) of which he was not an eye-witness, resembles a blind man who swallows fish with the bones. (Ⅲ)
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8.
96
यस्य विद्वान्हि वदतः क्षेत्रज्ञो नाभिशङ्कते ।
तस्मान्न देवाः श्रेयांसं लोकेऽन्यं पुरुषं विदुः । । ८.९६ । ।
- 'The gods are acquainted with no better man in this world than him, of whom his conscious Soul has no distrust, when he gives evidence. (Ⅲ)
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8.
97
यावतो बान्धवान्यस्मिन्हन्ति साक्ष्येऽनृतं वदन् ।
तावतः संख्यया तस्मिन्शृणु सौम्यानुपूर्वशः । । ८.९७ । ।
- 'Learn now, O friend, from an enumeration in due order, how many relatives he destroys who gives false evidence in several particular cases. (Ⅲ)
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8.
51
अर्थेऽपव्ययमानं तु करणेन विभावितम् ।
दापयेद्धनिकस्यार्थं दण्डलेशं च शक्तितः । । ८.५१ । ।
- But him who denies a debt which is proved by good evidence, he shall order to pay that debt to the creditor and a small fine according to his circumstances. (Ⅲ)
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8.
52
अपह्नवेऽधमर्णस्य देहीत्युक्तस्य संसदि ।
अभियोक्ता दिशेद्देश्यं करणं वान्यदुद्दिशेत् । । ८.५२ । ।
- On the denial (of a debt) by a debtor who has been required in court to pay it, the complainant must call (a witness) who was present (when the loan was made), or adduce other evidence. (Ⅲ)
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8.
53
अदेश्यं यश्च दिशति निर्दिश्यापह्नुते च यः ।
यश्चाधरोत्तरानर्थान्विगीतान्नावबुध्यते । । ८.५३ । ।
- (The plaintiff) who calls a witness not present at the transaction, who retracts his statements, or does not perceive that his statements (are) confused or contradictory; (Ⅲ)
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8.
54
अपदिश्यापदेश्यं च पुनर्यस्त्वपधावति ।
सम्यक्प्रणिहितं चार्थं पृष्टः सन्नाभिनन्दति । । ८.५४ । ।
- Or who having stated what he means to prove afterwards varies (his case), or who being questioned on a fact duly stated by himself does not abide by it; (Ⅲ)
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8.
55
असंभाष्ये साक्षिभिश्च देशे संभाषते मिथः ।
निरुच्यमानं प्रश्नं च नेच्छेद्यश्चापि निष्पतेत् । । ८.५५ । ।
- Or who converses with the witnesses in a place improper for such conversation; or who declines to answer a question, properly put, or leaves (the court); (Ⅲ)
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8.
56
ब्रूहीत्युक्तश्च न ब्रूयादुक्तं च न विभावयेत् ।
न च पूर्वापरं विद्यात्तस्मादर्थात्स हीयते । । ८.५६ । ।
- Or who, being ordered to speak, does not answer, or does not prove what he has alleged; or who does not know what is the first (point), and what the second, fails in his suit. (Ⅲ)
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8.
57
साक्षिणः सन्ति मेत्युक्त्वा दिशेत्युक्तो दिशेन्न यः ।
धर्मस्थः कारणैरेतैर्हीनं तं अपि निर्दिशेत् । । ८.५७ । ।
- Him also who says 'I have witnesses,' and, being ordered to produce them, produces them not, the judge must on these (same) grounds declare to be non-suited. (Ⅲ)
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8.
58
अभियोक्ता न चेद्ब्रूयाद्बध्यो दण्ड्यश्च धर्मतः ।
न चेत्त्रिपक्षात्प्रब्रूयाद्धर्मं प्रति पराजितः । । ८.५८ । ।
- If a plaintiff does not speak, he may be punished corporally or fined according to the law; if (a defendant) does not plead within three fortnights, he has lost his cause. (Ⅲ)
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8.
59
यो यावन्निह्नुवीतार्थं मिथ्या यावति वा वदेत् ।
तौ नृपेण ह्यधर्मज्ञौ दाप्यो तद्द्विगुणं दमम् । । ८.५९ । ।
- In the double of that sum which (a defendant) falsely denies or on which (the plaintiff) falsely declares, shall those two (men) offending against justice be fined by the king. (Ⅲ)
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8.
60
पृष्टोऽपव्ययमानस्तु कृतावस्थो धनैषिणा ।
त्र्यवरैः साक्षिभिर्भाव्यो नृपब्राह्मणसंनिधौ । । ८.६० । ।
- (A defendant) who, being brought (into court) by the creditor, (and) being questioned, denies (the debt), shall be convicted (of his falsehood) by at least three witnesses (who must depose) in the presence of the Brahmana (appointed by) the king. (Ⅲ)
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8.
61
यादृशा धनिभिः कार्या व्यवहारेषु साक्षिणः ।
तादृशान्संप्रवक्ष्यामि यथा वाच्यं ऋतं च तैः । । ८.६१ । ।
- I will fully declare what kind of men may be made witnesses in suits by creditors, and in what manner those (witnesses) must give true (evidence). (Ⅲ)
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8.
62
गृहिणः पुत्रिणो मौलाः क्षत्रविश्शूद्रयोनयः ।
अर्थ्युक्ताः साक्ष्यं अर्हन्ति न ये के चिदनापदि । । ८.६२ । ।
- Householders, men with male issue, and indigenous (inhabitants of the country, be they) Kshatriyas, Vaisyas, or Sudras, are competent, when called by a suitor, to give evidence, not any persons whatever (their condition may be) except in cases of urgency. (Ⅲ)
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8.
63
आप्ताः सर्वेषु वर्णेषु कार्याः कार्येषु साक्षिणः ।
सर्वधर्मविदोऽलुब्धा विपरीतांस्तु वर्जयेत् । । ८.६३ । ।
- Trustworthy men of all the (four) castes (varna) may be made witnesses in lawsuits, (men) who know (their) whole duty, and are free from covetousness; but let him reject those (of an) opposite (character). (Ⅲ)
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8.
64
नार्थसंबन्धिनो नाप्ता न सहाया न वैरिणः ।
न दृष्टदोषाः कर्तव्या न व्याध्यार्ता न दूषिताः । । ८.६४ । ।
- Those must not be made (witnesses) who have an interest in the suit, nor familiar (friends), companions, and enemies (of the parties), nor (men) formerly convicted (of perjury), nor (persons) suffering under (severe) illness, nor (those) tainted (by mortal sin). (Ⅲ)
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8.
65
न साक्षी नृपतिः कार्यो न कारुककुशीलवौ ।
न श्रोत्रियो न लिङ्गस्थो न सङ्गेभ्यो विनिर्गतः । । ८.६५ । ।
- The king cannot be made a witness, nor mechanics and actors, nor a: Srotriya, nor a student of the Veda, nor (an ascetic) who has given up (all) connexion (with the world), (Ⅲ)
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8.
66
नाध्यधीनो न वक्तव्यो न दस्युर्न विकर्मकृत् ।
न वृद्धो न शिशुर्नैको नान्त्यो न विकलेन्द्रियः । । ८.६६ । ।
- Nor one wholly dependent, nor one of bad fame, nor a Dasyu, nor one who follows forbidden occupations, nor an aged (man), nor an infant, nor one (man alone), nor a man of the lowest castes, nor one deficient in organs of sense, (Ⅲ)
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8.
67
नार्तो न मत्तो नोन्मत्तो न क्षुत्तृष्णोपपीडितः ।
न श्रमार्तो न कामार्तो न क्रुद्धो नापि तस्करः । । ८.६७ । ।
- Nor one extremely grieved, nor one intoxicated, nor a madman, nor one tormented by hunger or thirst, nor one oppressed by fatigue, nor one tormented by desire, nor a wrathful man, nor a thief. (Ⅲ)
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8.
68
स्त्रीणां साक्ष्यं स्त्रियः कुर्युर्द्विजानां सदृशा द्विजाः ।
शूद्राश्च सन्तः शूद्राणां अन्त्यानां अन्त्ययोनयः । । ८.६८ । ।
- Women should give evidence for women, and for twice-born men twice-born men (of the) same (kind), virtuous Sudras for Sudras, and men of the lowest castes for the lowest. (Ⅲ)
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8.
69
अनुभावी तु यः कश्चित्कुर्यात्साक्ष्यं विवादिनाम् ।
अन्तर्वेश्मन्यरण्ये वा शरीरस्यापि चात्यये । । ८.६९ । ।
- But any person whatsoever, who has personal knowledge (of an act committed) in the interior apartments (of a house), or in a forest, or of (a crime causing) loss of life, may give evidence between the parties. (Ⅲ)
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8.
70
स्त्रियाप्यसंभावे कार्यं बालेन स्थविरेण वा ।
शिष्येण बन्धुना वापि दासेन भृतकेन वा । । ८.७० । ।
- On failure (of qualified witnesses, evidence) may given (in such cases) by a woman, by an infant, by an aged man, by a pupil, by a relative, by a slave, or by a hired servant. (Ⅲ)
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8.
71
बालवृद्धातुराणां च साक्ष्येषु वदतां मृषा ।
जानीयादस्थिरां वाचं उत्सिक्तमनसां तथा । । ८.७१ । ।
- But the (judge) should consider the evidence of infants, aged and diseased men, who (are apt to) speak untruly, as untrustworthy, likewise that of men with disordered minds. (Ⅲ)
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8.
72
साहसेषु च सर्वेषु स्तेयसंग्रहणेषु च ।
वाग्दण्डयोश्च पारुष्ये न परीक्षेत साक्षिणः । । ८.७२ । ।
- In all cases of violence, of theft and adultery, of defamation and assault, he must not examine the (competence of) witnesses (too strictly). (Ⅲ)
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8.
73
बहुत्वं परिगृह्णीयात्साक्षिद्वैधे नराधिपः ।
समेषु तु गुणोत्कृष्टान्गुणिद्वैधे द्विजोत्तमान् । । ८.७३ । ।
- On a conflict of the witnesses the king shall accept (as true) the evidence of the) majority; if (the conflicting parties are) equal in number, (that of) those distinguished by good qualities; on a difference between (equally) distinguished (witnesses, that of) the best among the twice-born. (Ⅲ)
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8.
74
समक्षदर्शनात्साक्ष्यं श्रवणाच्चैव सिध्यति ।
तत्र सत्यं ब्रुवन्साक्षी धर्मार्थाभ्यां न हीयते । । ८.७४ । ।
- Evidence in accordance with what has actually been seen or heard, is admissible; a witness who speaks truth in those (cases), neither loses spiritual merit nor wealth. (Ⅲ)
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8.
75
साक्षी दृष्टश्रुतादन्यद्विब्रुवन्नार्यसंसदि ।
अवाङ्नरकं अभ्येति प्रेत्य स्वर्गाच्च हीयते । । ८.७५ । ।
- A witness who deposes in an assembly of honourable men (Arya) anything else but what he has seen or heard, falls after death headlong into hell and loses heaven. (Ⅲ)
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8.
76
यत्रानिबद्धोऽपीक्षेत शृणुयाद्वापि किं चन ।
पृष्टस्तत्रापि तद्ब्रूयाद्यथादृष्टं यथाश्रुतम् । । ८.७६ । ।
- When a man (originally) not appointed to be a witness sees or hears anything and is (afterwards) examined regarding it, he must declare it (exactly) as he saw or heard it. (Ⅲ)
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8.
77
एकोऽलुब्धस्तु साक्षी स्याद्बह्व्यः शुच्योऽपि न स्त्रियः ।
स्त्रीबुद्धेरस्थिरत्वात्तु दोषैश्चान्येऽपि ये वृताः । । ८.७७ । ।
- One man who is free from covetousness may be (accepted as) witness; but not even many pure women, because the understanding of females is apt to waver, nor even many other men, who are tainted with sin. (Ⅲ)
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8.
78
स्वभावेनैव यद्ब्रूयुस्तद्ग्राह्यं व्यावहारिकम् ।
अतो यदन्यद्विब्रूयुर्धर्मार्थं तदपार्थकम् । । ८.७८ । ।
- What witnesses declare quite naturally, that must be received on trials; (depositions) differing from that, which they make improperly, are worthless for (the purposes of) justice. (Ⅲ)
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8.
79
सभान्तः साक्षिणः प्राप्तानर्थिप्रत्यर्थिसंनिधौ ।
प्राड्विवाकोऽनुयुञ्जीत विधिनानेन सान्त्वयन् । । ८.७९ । ।
- The witnesses being assembled in the court in the presence of the plaintiff and of the defendant, let the judge examine them, kindly exhorting them in the following manner: (Ⅲ)
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8.
80
यद्द्वयोरनयोर्वेत्थ कार्येऽस्मिंश्चेष्टितं मिथः ।
तद्ब्रूत सर्वं सत्येन युष्माकं ह्यत्र साक्षिता । । ८.८० । ।
- 'What ye know to have been mutually transacted in this matter between the two men before us, declare all that in accordance with the truth; for ye are witnesses in this (cause). (Ⅲ)
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8.
81
सत्यं साक्ष्ये ब्रुवन्साक्षी लोकानाप्नोति पुष्कलान् ।
इह चानुत्तमां कीर्तिं वागेषा ब्रह्मपूजिता । । ८.८१ । ।
- 'A witness who speaks the truth in his evidence, gains (after death) the most excellent regions (of bliss) and here (below) unsurpassable fame; such testimony is revered by Brahman (himself). (Ⅲ)
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8.
82
साक्ष्येऽनृतं वदन्पाशैर्बध्यते वारुणैर्भृशम् ।
विवशः शतं आजातीस्तस्मात्साक्ष्यं वदेदृतम् । । ८.८२ । ।
- 'He who gives false evidence is firmly bound by Varuna's fetters, helpless during one hundred existences; let (men therefore) give true evidence. (Ⅲ)
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8.
83
सत्येन पूयते साक्षी धर्मः सत्येन वर्धते ।
तस्मात्सत्यं हि वक्तव्यं सर्ववर्णेषु साक्षिभिः । । ८.८३ । ।
- 'By truthfulness a witness is purified, through truthfulness his merit grows, truth must, therefore, be spoken by witnesses of all castes (varna). (Ⅲ)
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8.
84
आत्मैव ह्यात्मनः साक्षी गतिरात्मा तथात्मनः ।
मावमंस्थाः स्वं आत्मानं नृणां साक्षिणं उत्तमम् । । ८.८४ । ।
- 'The Soul itself is the witness of the Soul, and the Soul is the refuge of the Soul; despise not thy own Soul, the supreme witness of men. (Ⅲ)
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8.
85
मन्यन्ते वै पापकृतो न कश्चित्पश्यतीति नः ।
तांस्तु देवाः प्रपश्यन्ति स्वस्यैवान्तरपूरुषः । । ८.८५ । ।
- 'The wicked, indeed, say in their hearts, "Nobody sees us;" but the gods distinctly see them and the male within their own breasts. (Ⅲ)
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8.
86
द्यौर्भूमिरापो हृदयं चन्द्रार्काग्नियमानिलाः ।
रात्रिः संध्ये च धर्मश्च वृत्तज्ञाः सर्वदेहिनाम् । । ८.८६ । ।
- 'The sky, the earth, the waters, (the male in) the heart, the moon, the sun, the fire, Yama and the wind, the night, the two twilights, and justice know the conduct of all corporeal beings.' (Ⅲ)
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8.
87
देवब्राह्मणसांनिध्ये साक्ष्यं पृच्छेदृतं द्विजान् ।
उदङ्मुखान्प्राङ्मुखान्वा पूर्वाह्णे वै शुचिः शुचीन् । । ८.८७ । ।
- The (judge), being purified, shall ask in the forenoon the twice-born (witnesses) who (also have been) purified, (and stand) facing the north or the east, to give true evidence in the presence of (images of) the gods and of Brahmanas. (Ⅲ)
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8.
98
पञ्च पश्वनृते हन्ति दश हन्ति गवानृते ।
शतं अश्वानृते हन्ति सहस्रं पुरुषानृते । । ८.९८ । ।
- 'He kills five by false Testimony regarding (small) cattle, he kills ten by false testimony regarding kine, he kills a hundred by false evidence concerning horses, and a thousand by false evidence concerning men. (Ⅲ)
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8.
99
हन्ति जातानजातांश्च हिरण्यार्थेऽनृतं वदन् ।
सर्वं भूम्यनृते हन्ति मा स्म भूम्यनृतं वदीः । । ८.९९ । ।
- 'By speaking falsely in a cause regarding gold, he kills the born and the unborn; by false evidence concerning land, he kills everything; beware, therefore, of false evidence concerning land. (Ⅲ)
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8.
100
अप्सु भूमिवदित्याहुः स्त्रीणां भोगे च मैथुने ।
अब्जेषु चैव रत्नेषु सर्वेष्वश्ममयेषु च । । ८.१०० । ।
- 'They declare (false evidence) concerning water, concerning the carnal enjoyment of women, and concerning all gems, produced in water, or consisting of stones (to be) equally (wicked) as a lie concerning land. (Ⅲ)
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